Theme 1 Climate Change and Metal Demand

Luckeneder, S., Giljum, S., Schaffartzik, A., Maus, V., & Tost, M. (2021). Surge in global metal mining threatens vulnerable ecosystems. Global Environmental Change, 69, 102303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102303 Download
Lee, J., Bazilian, M., & Hastings-Simon, S. (2021). The material foundations of a low-carbon economy. One Earth, 4(3), 331–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.02.015 Download
Mathieu, L., & Mattea, C. (2021). From dirty oil to clean batteries; Batteries vs oil: A comparison of raw material needs (p. 75). Transport & Environment. https://www.transportenvironment.org/sites/te/files/publications/2021_02_Battery_raw_materials_report_final.pdf Download
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Seas at Risk. (2021). Breaking free from mining: A 2050 blueprint for a world without mining – on land and in the deep sea. https://seas-at-risk.org/publications/breaking-free-from-mining-a-2050-blueprint/ Download
Castelvecchi, D. (2021). Electric cars and batteries: how will the world produce enough? Nature, 596(7872), 336–339. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02222-1
Bainton, N., Kemp, D., Lèbre, E., Owen, J. R., & Marston, G. (2021). The energy-extractives nexus and the just transition. Sustainable Development, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2163 Download Download
Seas at Risk. (2021). At a crossroads: Europe’s role in deep-sea mining. https://seas-at-risk.org/publications/at-a-crossroads-europes-role-in-deep-sea-mining/ Download
IRP. (2021). Mineral Resource Governance in the 21st Century (Gearing Extractive Industries Towards Sustainable Development). https://www.resourcepanel.org/reports/mineral-resource-governance-21st-century Download
IEA. (2021). Net Zero by 2050 - A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector (p. 223). International Energy Agency. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/beceb956-0dcf-4d73-89fe-1310e3046d68/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf Download
IEA. (2021). The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions (p. 285) [World Energy Outlook Special Report]. International Energy Agency. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/24d5dfbb-a77a-4647-abcc-667867207f74/TheRoleofCriticalMineralsinCleanEnergyTransitions.pdf Download
Herrington, R. (2021). Mining our green future. Nature Reviews Materials, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00325-9 Download
Xu, C., Dai, Q., Gaines, L., Hu, M., Tukker, A., & Steubing, B. (2020). Future material demand for automotive lithium-based batteries. Communications Materials, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-020-00095-x Download
Sonter, L. J., Dade, M. C., Watson, J. E. M., & Valenta, R. K. (2020). Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity. Nature Communications, 11(1), 4174. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17928-5 Download
Vollset, S. E., Goren, E., Yuan, C.-W., Cao, J., Smith, A. E., Hsiao, T., Bisignano, C., Azhar, G. S., Castro, E., Chalek, J., Dolgert, A. J., Frank, T., Fukutaki, K., Hay, S. I., Lozano, R., Mokdad, A. H., Nandakumar, V., Pierce, M., Pletcher, M., … Murray, C. J. L. (2020). Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. The Lancet, S0140673620306772. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30677-2 Download
Lee, J., Bazilian, M., Sovacool, B., Hund, K., Jowitt, S. M., Nguyen, T. P., Månberger, A., Kah, M., Greene, S., Galeazzi, C., Awuah-Offei, K., Moats, M., Tilton, J., & Kukoda, S. (2020). Reviewing the material and metal security of low-carbon energy transitions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 124, 109789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109789 Download
Paulikas, D., Katona, S., Ilves, E., Stone, G., & O’Sullivan, A. (2020). Where should metals for the green transition come from? https://3421n927z6wq3ktzng37wbqk-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/LCA-White-Paper_Where-Should-Metals-for-the-Green-Transition-Come-From_FINAL_low-res.pdf Download
Sovacool, B. K., Ali, S. H., Bazilian, M., Radley, B., Nemery, B., Okatz, J., & Mulvaney, D. (2020). Sustainable minerals and metals for a low-carbon future. Science, 367(6473), 30–33. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz6003 Download Download
Rehbein, J. A., Watson, J. E. M., Lane, J. L., Sonter, L. J., Venter, O., Atkinson, S. C., & Allan, J. R. (2020). Renewable energy development threatens many globally important biodiversity areas. Global Change Biology, 26(5), 3040–3051. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15067 Download
Fu, X., Beatty, D. N., Gaustad, G. G., Ceder, G., Roth, R., Kirchain, R. E., Bustamante, M., Babbitt, C., & Olivetti, E. A. (2020). Perspectives on Cobalt Supply through 2030 in the Face of Changing Demand. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04975 Download
European Commission. (2020). Critical Raw Materials Resilience: Charting a Path towards greater Security and Sustainability (COM(2020) 474 Final). Download
Hund, K., La Porta, D., Fabregas, T., Laing, T., & Drexhage, J. (2020). Minerals for Climate Action: The Mineral Intensity of the Clean Energy Transition (p. 108). The World Bank. http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/961711588875536384/Minerals-for-Climate-Action-The-Mineral-Intensity-of-the-Clean-Energy-Transition.pdf Download
Catapa, Fair Fin, Justice & Paix, & BNNR RBRN. (2020). Mineralen voor de energietransitie (p. 40). https://11.be/verhalen/mineralen-voor-de-energietransitie-naar-een-koolstofarme-samenleving-zonder-verliezers
Carrara, S., Alves Dias, P., Plazzotta, B., & Pavel, C. (2020). Raw materials demand for wind and solar PV technologies in the transition towards a decarbonised energy system (JRC119941) [EUR - Scientific and Technical Research Reports]. Publications Office of the European Union. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/111111111/59814 Download
Lenton, T. M., Rockström, J., Gaffney, O., Rahmstorf, S., Richardson, K., Steffen, W., & Schellnhuber, H. J. (2019). Climate tipping points — too risky to bet against. Nature, 575(7784), 592–595. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03595-0 Download
WEF - Global Battery Alliance. (2019). A Vision for a Sustainable Battery Value Chain in 2030 Author(s): (p. 54). WEF. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_A_Vision_for_a_Sustainable_Battery_Value_Chain_in_2030_Report.pdf Download
Watari, T., McLellan, B. C., Giurco, D., Dominish, E., Yamasue, E., & Nansai, K. (2019). Total material requirement for the global energy transition to 2050: A focus on transport and electricity. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 148, 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.05.015 Download
The World Bank. (2019). Climate-Smart Mining: Minerals for Climate Action [Text/HTML]. World Bank. http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2019/02/26/climate-smart-mining
Wood Mackenzie. (2019). Can metals supply keep up with electric vehicle demand? Wood Mackenzie. https://www.woodmac.com/news/opinion/can-metals-supply-keep-up-with-electric-vehicle-demand/
Seck, G., Hache, E., Simoen, M., & Fosse, F. (2019). Do metals really matter for the energy transition? An endogenous material supply-chain in a long-term energy model. Download
Tilton, J. E. (2019). Our metal models of mineral depletion - and why they matter. 130(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.130.1.004 Download
Liu, Q., Cao, Z., Liu, X., Liu, L., Dai, T., Han, J., Duan, H., Wang, C., Wang, H., Liu, J., Cai, G., Mao, R., Wang, G., Tan, J., Li, S., & Liu, G. (2019). Product and Metal Stocks Accumulation of China’s Megacities: Patterns, Drivers, and Implications. Environmental Science and Technology, 53(8), 4128–4139. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00387 Download Download
UN Environment. (2019). Global Resources Outlook - 2019: Natural Resources for the Future We Want. https://www.resourcepanel.org/reports/global-resources-outlook Download
UN. (2019). World Population Prospects - Highlights 2019. United Nations. https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_Highlights.pdf Download
IPCC. (2019). Global Warming of 1.5 oC. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ Download
Dominish, E., Teske, S., & Florin, N. (2019). Responsible minerals sourcing for renewable energy (p. 54). Institute for Sustainable Futures. https://earthworks.org/cms/assets/uploads/2019/04/MCEC_UTS_Report_lowres-1.pdf Download
Ali, S. H., Perrons, R. K., Toledano, P., & Maennling, N. (2019). A model for “smart” mineral enterprise development for spurring investment in climate change mitigation technology. Energy Research & Social Science, 58, 101282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101282 Download
Teske, S. (2019). Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals. https://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=fulltext&rid=43952 Download
Bogdanov, D., Farfan, J., Sadovskaia, K., Aghahosseini, A., Child, M., Gulagi, A., Oyewo, A. S., Barbosa, L. de S. N. S., & Breyer, C. (2019). Radical transformation pathway towards sustainable electricity via evolutionary steps. Nature Communications, 10(1), 1077. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08855-1 Download
BloombergNEF. (2019). Electric Vehicle Outlook 2019. https://about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-outlook/
Turcheniuk, K., Bondarev, D., Singhal, V., & Yushin, G. (2018). Ten years left to redesign lithium-ion batteries. Nature, 559(7715), 467–470. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-05752-3 Download
Watari, T., McLellan, B. C., Ogata, S., & Tezuka, T. (2018). Analysis of Potential for Critical Metal Resource Constraints in the International Energy Agency’s Long-Term Low-Carbon Energy Scenarios. Minerals, 8(4), 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8040156 Download
Zheng, X., Wang, R., Wood, R., Wang, C., & Hertwich, E. G. (2018). High sensitivity of metal footprint to national GDP in part explained by capital formation. Nature Geoscience, 11(4), 269–273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0091-y Download
Northey, S. A., Mudd, G. M., & Werner, T. T. (2018). Unresolved Complexity in Assessments of Mineral Resource Depletion and Availability. Natural Resources Research, 27(2), 241–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-017-9352-5 Download
Odell, S. D., Bebbington, A., & Frey, K. E. (2018). Mining and climate change: A review and framework for analysis. The Extractive Industries and Society, 5(1), 201–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2017.12.004 Download
van der Voet, E., Kleijn, R., & Mudd, G. (2018). The energy-materials nexus: the case of metals. Routledge. https://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:51191 Download
UN. (2018). World Urbanization Prospects - Highlights 2018. United Nations. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Highlights/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf Download
Deetman, S., Pauliuk, S., Van Vuuren, D. P., Van Der Voet, E., & Tukker, A. (2018). Scenarios for Demand Growth of Metals in Electricity Generation Technologies, Cars, and Electronic Appliances. Environmental Science and Technology, 52(8), 4950–4959. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05549 Download
de Koning, A., Kleijn, R., Huppes, G., Sprecher, B., van Engelen, G., & Tukker, A. (2018). Metal supply constraints for a low-carbon economy? Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 129, 202–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.10.040 Download
Bazilian, M. D. (2018). The mineral foundation of the energy transition. The Extractive Industries and Society, 5(1), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2017.12.002 Download

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